Поиск по творчеству и критике
Cлово "BESIDE"
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Часть текста: is nevertheless a question of capital importance. Indeed, the whole Russian Question, for the present at least, may be said to be included in that of serfdom. Russia cannot make a step in advance until she has abolished slavery. The serfdom of the Russian peasant is the servitude of the Russian empire. The political and social existence of Western Europe formerly was concentrated in châteaux and in cities. It was essentially an aristocratic, or municipal existence. The peasant remained outside of the movement. The revolution took little thought of him. The sale of national property had no effect upon his condition, except to create a limited provincial bourgeoisie. The serf knew well enough that the land did not belong to him: he only looked for a personal and negative emancipation: an emancipation of the labourer. In Russia the reverse is the case. The original organization of that agricultural and communistic people was essentially democratic. There were no châteaux, very few towns, and those few nothing but large villages. No distinction existed between the peasant and the citizen. The rural commune, as it still exists, is the exact image of the great communes of Novgorod, Pskow, Kiev. Moscovite centralization, indeed, destroyed the autonomy of the towns: but the humble word commune preserved its self-government, its trial by jury, its justices of the peace, till after the reign of Ivan the Terrible: that is to say, till the XVIIth century. The soil was not as yet the subject of individual property: each rural commune held its allotment of land. Each of its members had the right to cultivate a portion of that holding, and each appropriated in effect the fruits of his own labour. Such is still the tenure of thirty million of peasants, de la couronne as they are called. Land, water, and woods were equally ...
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Часть текста: appeared in those languages. Third — immediately after the publication of the English edition, I have protested against the addition to the title of the words «In Siberia», as it has been declared in your columns by Messrs Hurst and Blacket, who have altered the title of the book in consequence of my protestations. I have besides protested publicly in the «Globe», as it may be seen by refferring to the columns of that paper. Fourth ‒ I have received no communication of the book before it was published and advertised, this I positively assert, and if needed, I have no doubt Messrs Hurst and Blacket will not hesitate to confirm it. I remain, Sir, your obedient servant. Alexander Herzen. Cholmondely Lodge, Richmond, nov. 29. ПЕРЕВОД «МОЯ ССЫЛКА В СИБИРЬ» Издателю «The Morning Advertiser» Милостивый государь! Чтобы положить конец обвинениям, появившимся в вашей газете в связи с заглавием моих мемуаров «Моя ссылка в Сибирь», — вы не откажетесь, надеюсь, поместить следующее заявление: Во-первых, я лично руководил изданием двух томов моих мемуаров на русском языке под названием «Тюрьма и ссылка». Во-вторых, я просто дал разрешение перевести их на английский, немецкий и французский языки, чем и ограничилось мое участие в изданиях, вышедших на этих языках. В-третьих, немедленно после появления английского издания я протестовал против добавления к...