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Cлово "WORTHY"
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Входимость: 3. Размер: 61кб.
Часть текста: importance. Indeed, the whole Russian Question, for the present at least, may be said to be included in that of serfdom. Russia cannot make a step in advance until she has abolished slavery. The serfdom of the Russian peasant is the servitude of the Russian empire. The political and social existence of Western Europe formerly was concentrated in châteaux and in cities. It was essentially an aristocratic, or municipal existence. The peasant remained outside of the movement. The revolution took little thought of him. The sale of national property had no effect upon his condition, except to create a limited provincial bourgeoisie. The serf knew well enough that the land did not belong to him: he only looked for a personal and negative emancipation: an emancipation of the labourer. In Russia the reverse is the case. The original organization of that agricultural and communistic people was essentially democratic. There were no châteaux, very few towns, and those few nothing but large villages. No distinction existed between the peasant and the citizen. The rural commune, as it still exists, is the exact image of the great communes of Novgorod, Pskow, Kiev. Moscovite centralization, indeed, destroyed the autonomy of the towns: but the humble word commune preserved its self-government, its trial by jury, its justices of the peace, till after the reign of Ivan the Terrible: that is to say, till the XVIIth century. The soil was not as yet the subject of individual property: each rural commune held its allotment of land. Each of its members had the right to cultivate a portion of that holding, and each appropriated in effect the fruits of his own labour. Such is still the tenure of thirty million of peasants, de la couronne as they are called. Land, water, and woods were equally unrestricted by any feudal rights: fishing, hunting, and the navigation of rivers, were completely free....
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Часть текста: They wanted to get rid of a clever and ardent antagonist, and he was accordingly sentenced to seven years' hard labour in Siberia, and to transportation for life. This is not all On the 31 st May, Tchernischevski was led forth in the middle of the day into a public square in St. Petersburg. His sentence was read to him, he was forced tokneel, his sword was broken above his head, and he was then put in the pillory. A young girl threw some flowers to him, she was arrested. A well known literary man cried: «Adieu, my friend!»... he is in prison. Like a worthy son, the emperor Alexander is reviving the memory of his father. Why does not Germany, which tries with so much avidity to seize upon everything that belongs to Holstein, demand the extradition of this ill-omened family, the misfortune of Russia? Begging you to insert these lines in your excellent paper, — I am, etc. Al. Herzen. Elmfield-house, Teddington, June 1864. ПЕРЕВОД СВОБОДА В РОССИИ ИЗДАТЕЛЮ «THE DAILY NEWS» Сэр, передо мной лежит письмо из Санкт-Петербурга, содержащее возмутительные подробности осуждения знаменитого писателя Н. Чернышевского, руководителя «Современника» и одного из самых выдающихся литераторов нынешней России. Н. Чернышевский был арестован около двух лет тому назад и с тех пор находился в тюрьме. После тайного следствия он был предан суду сената без права защиты. Правительство ничего не сообщало о процессе, и по...