Поиск по творчеству и критике
Cлово "ENOUGH"
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Входимость: 10. Размер: 61кб.
Часть текста: ‒ no one to undertake its defence: not even the government. It is nevertheless a question of capital importance. Indeed, the whole Russian Question, for the present at least, may be said to be included in that of serfdom. Russia cannot make a step in advance until she has abolished slavery. The serfdom of the Russian peasant is the servitude of the Russian empire. The political and social existence of Western Europe formerly was concentrated in châteaux and in cities. It was essentially an aristocratic, or municipal existence. The peasant remained outside of the movement. The revolution took little thought of him. The sale of national property had no effect upon his condition, except to create a limited provincial bourgeoisie. The serf knew well enough that the land did not belong to him: he only looked for a personal and negative emancipation: an emancipation of the labourer. In Russia the reverse is the case. The original organization of that agricultural and communistic people was essentially democratic. There were no châteaux, very few towns, and those few nothing but large villages. No distinction existed between the peasant and the citizen. The rural commune, as it still exists, is the exact image of the great communes of Novgorod, Pskow, Kiev. Moscovite centralization, indeed, destroyed the autonomy of the towns: but the humble word commune preserved its self-government, its trial by jury, its justices of the peace, till after the reign of Ivan the Terrible: that is to say, till the XVIIth century. The soil was not as yet the subject of individual property: each rural commune held its allotment of land. Each of its members had the right to cultivate a portion of that holding, and each appropriated in effect the fruits of his own labour. Such is still the tenure of thirty million of peasants, de la couronne as they are called....
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Часть текста: to smooth the bad impression produced on public opinion by your very truthful and beautiful correspondence concerning the Russian Universities. He says,—«The two main grievances, of which the students, had to complain at the outset were the abolition of their uniforms, and the imposition of certain tuition fees». The first assertion proves that Mr. Williams did not attentively read your correspondence; the second, that he does not understand the state of things in Russia, in spite of his having travelled in that country. The uniforms were worn by order of the government, and. during the reign of Nicholas the rules regarding them were so stringent that the uniform was for the students rather a subject of hatred than of love. Certainly, they did not much trouble themselves about the abolition of it, though they knew that in the present time it was abolished in order to excuse any aggression of the police against the students, who had the right to claim the protection of the authorities of the University. The tuition fees, however small they may seem to Mr. Williams, are too heavy for poor men in Russia; and, as the instruction in our country was a gratuitous one ever since the establishment of colleges — as the government maintains them with the State's revenues — it had no right at all to withdraw the sums destined for that purpose, and to employ them for other wants. But still the students kept the peace, and formed, in silence, a fund with voluntary contributions to help those who were not rich enough to pay the fees. Now, this fund has been seized by the...
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Часть текста: меня, не знает ее и что с моей смертью умрет и истина. Я решился писать; но одно воспоминание вызывало сотни других, все старое, полузабытое воскресало – отроческие мечты, юношеские надежды, удаль молодости, тюрьма и ссылка [217] – эти ранние несчастия, не оставившие никакой горечи на душе, пронесшиеся, как вешние грозы, освежая и укрепляя своими ударами молодую жизнь. Я не имел сил отогнать эти тени, – пусть они светлыми сенями, думалось мне, встречают в книге, как было на самом деле. Ия стал писать с начала; пока я писал две первые части, прошли несколько месяцев поспокойнее… Цепкая живучесть человека всего более видна в невероятной силе рассеяния и себяоглушения. Сегодня пусто, вчера страшно, завтра безразлично; человек рассеивается, перебирая давно прошедшее, играя на собственном кладбище… Лондон, 1 мая 1854 г. <Предисловие к английскому изданию> Preface In order to write down one’s own recollections, it is by no means necessary to be a great man, or an extraordinary villain; a celebrated artist, or a statesman; it is enough to be merely a man, to have something to tell, and to be able and willing to tell it. Every existence is interesting; if not on account of the person, yet on account of the country, the epoch in which he lives. Man likes to penetrate into the inward life of another; he likes to touch the most delicate chord of another heart, to watch its beatings and penetrate its secrets, in order to compare, to verify, to seek a justification, a consolation, a proof of conformity. Memoirs, however, can be...
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Часть текста: над петербургским периодом нашей истории. Золотые времена Петровской Руси миновали. Сам Устрялов наложил тяжелую руку на некогда боготворимого преобразователя. За ним последовали в опалу не только Анна с Бироном, но и Менщиков с Волынским, потом благодушная Елисавета Петровна и еще больше благодушный Петр Федорович. Далее еще не позволяют нам знать историю. Русское правительство, как обратное провидение, устроивает к лучшему не будущее, но прошедшее. Пошлая газетная ложь остается обязательной. В дозволенной истории все сохранилось — от гастрической болезни Петра III и апоплексического удара Павла I до изумительных побед Паскевича и пр. Вот этому-то пробелу и помогают несколько статей нашего сборника. Имеют ли некоторые из них полное историческое оправдание или нет, например, статья о финском происхождении Павла I , не до такой степени важно, как то, что такой слух был, что ему не только верили, но вследствие его был поиск, обличивший сомнение самых лиц царской фамилии. И немудрено, если вспомнить неслыханный сбор всевозможных подлогов и незаконнорождений, спутанного родства и сомнительных происхождений этой династии, которая при Николае с бурбонской аристократией ставила себя представителем легитимизма.[168] Династия,...