Герцен Александр: Поиск по текстам произведений автора и критике. Cлово "BEFORE". Классическая русская литература.

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Часть текста: for the present at least, may be said to be included in that of serfdom. Russia cannot make a step in advance until she has abolished slavery. The serfdom of the Russian peasant is the servitude of the Russian empire. The political and social existence of Western Europe formerly was concentrated in châteaux and in cities. It was essentially an aristocratic, or municipal existence. The peasant remained outside of the movement. The revolution took little thought of him. The sale of national property had no effect upon his condition, except to create a limited provincial bourgeoisie. The serf knew well enough that the land did not belong to him: he only looked for a personal and negative emancipation: an emancipation of the labourer. In Russia the reverse is the case. The original organization of that agricultural and communistic people was essentially democratic. There were no châteaux, very few towns, and those few nothing but large villages. No distinction existed between the peasant and the citizen. The rural commune, as it still exists, is the exact image of the great communes of Novgorod, Pskow, Kiev. Moscovite centralization, indeed, destroyed the autonomy of the towns: but the humble word commune preserved its self-government, its trial by jury, its justices of the peace, till after the reign of Ivan the Terrible: that is to say, till the XVIIth century. The soil was not as yet the subject of individual property: each rural commune held its allotment of land. Each of its members had the right to cultivate a portion of that holding, and each appropriated in effect the fruits of his own labour. Such is still the tenure of thirty million of peasants, de la couronne as they are called. Land, water, and woods were equally unrestricted by any feudal rights: fishing, hunting, and the navigation of rivers, were completely free. Moreover, the members of any commune could leave it and be admitted into another, or settle in the towns. The land was the...

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Часть текста: circumstances; whereas «F. M.» endeavours to excite a feeling against him at the risk of rendering his position worse. He says that the accomplices of Bakunin at Dresden have been put to death; while he, who was taken with arms in his hand, still lives. It is not true that Bakunin was taken with arms in his hand. Ho was arrested 12 miles from Dresden. The Prussians, who shot the combatants, only ruled at Dresden for three days. Bakunin did not appear before the Prussian military tribunal, but before the Saxon tribunals, which have not executed any one of his accomplices. «But why has not Russia applied the knout to Bakunin?» «F. M.» asks himself, who does not know that the Russian nobles are exempted from corporal punishment. And what has been the crime of Bakunin against Russia? His acts in Saxony and Austria are not, and cannot be, incriminated in Russia. When individuals have the rooted ideas which «F. M.» entertains, it is not usual to entertain the public with the fancy of suspicions. We invite him to retract his calumny against a man whose devotion to his political convictions has led him into this misfortune, and We remain, Sir, your ...

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Часть текста: По счастью, мы поступили согласно с вашим советом, прежде чем получили его. Достоинства в этом большого нет — нам выбора не было. Правда, что мы мечтали о будущем союзе всех народов славянского происхождения, но мы оставляем эти pia desideria[29] иному, дальнему, грядущему. Настоящие события требуют полную самозаконность Польши — без фраз, ее безусловную независимость от России и немцев. Можно было думать, что император Александр, который так славно поступил в крестьянском деле, поймет историческую необходимость восстановления Польши. По несчастию, в нем слишком много прусского, австрийского и, сверх того, монгольского. Холодно рассчитанный капкан, расставленный Польше с бездушным восточным лукавством, в котором характер кошки берет верх над тигром, ставят его вне вопроса. Прежде получения вашего письма я прочитал отрывок из него в телеграфических новостях и тотчас послал в лондонские журналы небольшой ответ. Посылаю вам «Daily News», — если вы не имеете ничего против, напечатайте его в «Diritto». Сверх того, прилагаю небольшое воззвание наше к русским войскам, стоящим в Польше, сделанное в 1854 году. Пользуюсь сим случаем, любезный Гарибальди, чтоб вам повторить то, что вам говорит весь свет, — что мы удивляемся вам со всей полнотой симпатии и любви. Жму вашу руку А. Герцен. Orsett-house, 19 апреля. Примечания Печатается по тексту К, л. 97 от 1 мая 1861 г., стр. 814, где...

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Часть текста: Russian, and published in the last number of the «Kolokol» (№ 96, April 15). It is necessary to explain that on the 10th of April we had designed to celebrate with our fellow-labourers in the Russian printing-office, and our friends, the event of the emancipation of the peasants in Russia, and on the morning of that day arrived by telegraph the account of the massacres at Warsaw. We quote from the article referred to: Our fête was sombre, sinister: we have known few days more heavy, when the mind has been more painfully oppressed by conflicting sentiments; never before did lampions hang so close to tears. The time is still far distant when a Russian may hold a fête for any event whatever in gaiety of heart, with no sad thought behind, with no anxious care. We had grown young again at the great news of the emancipation of the peasants; we looked forward with hope and anticipated with emotion our proposed meeting, prepared to drink, for the first time in our lives, the health of the emperor Alexander II, liberator of the peasants. We knew perfectly well to what obloquy we should expose ourselves by this act on the part of a narrow-minded political puritanism and mean jealousies. But we also knew that this toast, pronounced by us at our table, would have an echo in...

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Часть текста: mistrusts the December adventurer — and, by God, she is in the right. France by tradition is doubtful of perfidious Albain. Prussia’s head is so turned that it makes common cause with its most furious enemies; and Austria alone remain unshakenly faithful to her system of treason against all human rights in favour of dynastic interests. <Англия не доверяет декабрьскому авантюристу, и, клянусь богом, она права. Франция по традиции относится подозрительно к коварному Альбиону. У Пруссии так закружилась голова, что она действует заодно со своими злейшими врагами; и одна только Австрия непоколебимо верна своей системе предательства всех человеческих прав ради династических интересов>. 17 Вместо: premiers ministres, des frères de roi — (первые министры, королевские братья) // prime ministres, queens’husbands, kings’-brothers <премьер-министры, супруги королев, братья королей> Стр . 149 11 После : moderne <нового времени> // The French army, with its ally Nicholas, will throw itself upon England, and to the cry of «Long live the united emperors» they will enter Lonflon. And when one thinks that it is yet in the power of England not only to save Europe from the ignominy of being trampled before its death by the jackboots» of Nicholas and the ignoble heels of Bonaparte, but also to save herself from invasion, and that she does not do it, ‒ one’s hands fall powerless. Understand, England can not save Europe from the 492 social transformation. She will be drawn into it herself. Chartism and strikes will not pass away without their trace. But she has the power for some days yet perhaps — to impress a new character on the catastrophe. To do that she must frankly take side with the Peoples. And so doing England can...

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Часть текста: not refuse to insert the following declarations: — First — I have directed personally the publication of two volumes of my memoirs in the Russian language, under the title of «Prison and Exile». Second — I have merely given my authorisation to their translation into English, German and French, and that is all the part I have taken in the editions which have appeared in those languages. Third — immediately after the publication of the English edition, I have protested against the addition to the title of the words «In Siberia», as it has been declared in your columns by Messrs Hurst and Blacket, who have altered the title of the book in consequence of my protestations. I have besides protested publicly in the «Globe», as it may be seen by refferring to the columns of that paper. Fourth ‒ I have received no communication of the book before it was published and advertised, this I positively assert, and if needed, I have no doubt Messrs Hurst and Blacket will not hesitate to confirm it. I remain, Sir, your obedient servant. Alexander Herzen. Cholmondely Lodge, Richmond, nov. 29. ПЕРЕВОД «МОЯ ССЫЛКА В СИБИРЬ» Издателю «The...

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Часть текста: (Издателю "The Times") TO THE EDITOR OF «THE TIMES» Sir, — We hope you will not refuse to insert in your esteemed columns a few words in behalf of the Russian youths imprisoned in St. -Petersburg, Cronstadt, and Moscow, for an attempt to present an address to the emperor Alexander II, asking him to discontinue his persecutions of instruction in Russia. We are, indeed, quite edified by the tender friendship between Mr. George Williams (of King's College, Cambridge) and admiral Putiatin; but when friendship becomes a passion it may dim the mind as well as love or ambition. Mr. G. Williams, in the letter inserted in your esteemed journal (November 15), tries to smooth the bad impression produced on public opinion by your very truthful and beautiful correspondence concerning the Russian Universities. He says,—«The two main grievances, of which the students, had to complain at the outset were the abolition of their uniforms, and the imposition of certain tuition fees». The first assertion proves that Mr. Williams did not attentively read your correspondence; the second, that he does not understand the state of things in Russia, in spite of his having travelled in that country. The uniforms were worn by order of the government, and. during the reign of Nicholas the rules regarding them were so stringent that the uniform was for the students rather a subject of hatred than of love. Certainly, they did not much trouble themselves about the abolition of it, though they knew that in the present time it was abolished in order to excuse any aggression of the police against the students, who had the right to claim the protection of...

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Часть текста: bring forward except the opinions expressed in censured articles, the influence of Tchernischevski over the young men, and his pretended participation in a ciandestine publication. They wanted to get rid of a clever and ardent antagonist, and he was accordingly sentenced to seven years' hard labour in Siberia, and to transportation for life. This is not all On the 31 st May, Tchernischevski was led forth in the middle of the day into a public square in St. Petersburg. His sentence was read to him, he was forced tokneel, his sword was broken above his head, and he was then put in the pillory. A young girl threw some flowers to him, she was arrested. A well known literary man cried: «Adieu, my friend!»... he is in prison. Like a worthy son, the emperor Alexander is reviving the memory of his father. Why does not Germany, which tries with so much avidity to seize upon everything that belongs to Holstein, demand the extradition of this ill-omened family, the misfortune of Russia? Begging you to insert these lines in your excellent paper, — I am, etc. Al. Herzen. Elmfield-house, Teddington, June 1864. ПЕРЕВОД СВОБОДА В РОССИИ ИЗДАТЕЛЮ «THE DAILY NEWS» Сэр, передо мной лежит письмо из Санкт-Петербурга, содержащее возмутительные подробности осуждения знаменитого писателя Н....

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Часть текста: in the Caucasus, that condition would be the continuation of his sufferings; but we consider ourselves better informed than «F. M.», in representing that he languishes in the dungeons of St. -Petersburg. In 1847, Mr. Bakunin was expelled from France by M. Guizot for having, on the anniversary of the Polish revolution, called Nicholas «the assassin and the executioner of Poland». «F. M.» ought to know that Russian agents are not authorised to employ such expressions, and he had only to refer to the reports of the sittings of the French Chamber of Deputies to bend himself before Bakunin, if political courage can inspire him with respect. The calumny which «F. M.» has raised is by no means new. Ever since there have been revolutionary Russians, there have been people calling them Russian agents, with a view to ruin them in public opinion. This calumny has already made its appearance in a German gazette, which did not hesitate to call Madame George Sand to attest it. Well! Madame George Sand in a letter which has been made public, has given а formal contradiction to this matter, saying that she had proofs to the contrary. On this subject «F. M.» has only to consult the «Reforme» of 1848. What is «F. M.»? In the meanwhile, sir, and awaiting the solution of this question, we beg you to insert this declaration. Ivan Golovin, Naturalised Russian refugee. A. Herzen, Russian refugee. In...

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Часть текста: А. ГЕРЦЕН и М. МЕЙЗЕНБУГ 11 октября (29 сентября) 1868 г. Виши. 11 oct . Vichy. Hotel d’Amérique. Carissima Olga, Je m’empresse de te donner une tres bonne nouvelle sur ma santé. D’après l’analyse chimique que l’on a faite hier — le progrès est immense, le sucre a presque disparu — je continue encore quelques jours, par ex jusqu’au 15 — et ensuite nous nous préparerons pour Lyon. Was weiter, daß ist noch nicht bekannt. Salue Domengé et prie-le de saluer Gai. Le temps est très beau chez nous... Je t’embrasse. Regardez, chère Malvida, cet organisme hyperborean — 20 bains et une centaine de verres d’eau de la Grande Grille ont presque suffi pour me remettre. Dites a Schiff que la proportion allait de cette manière approximativement: Juin…………….. 2-4%. Juillet…………….. 4 1 / 2 (lorsque j’avais les furoncles). 20 sept …. l 1 / 2 . 10 oct …….. 0,3. Sans sucre ou avec — mais, cara del Arno, Florence ne me tente nullement, plutôt Gênes — au reste, la Suisse, la Suisse nous appelle. Je vous ai envoyé hier les mémoires qui naissent de m-me Quinet. Je ne les aurais pas imprimés. Votre devotissime A. H. En cas de difficulté ou de doute écrivez à l’adresse de Tkhorzevsky. Nous...

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Cлово "BEFORE"